Bugle - British, WW I, marked "Redall Carie & Co, 23 Berners St. London 50 3 434" also has British double broad arrows (British mark signifying released for sale or private purchase). This maker is really "Rudall, Carte & Co". The venerable firm of Rudall, Carte & Co. began as Rudall & Rose (1821–1852), became Rudall Rose Carte & Co. (1852–1871), and operated as Rudall, Carte & Co. past 1950. They offered a wide variety of flutes from the beginning and were instrumental in manufacturing and promoting the Boehm flute and other cylindrical flutes in England. They supplied instruments to the Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. They were the oldest makers of wind instruments in the United Kingdom having started in 1822. The original firm, Rudall & Rose, produced simple-system flutes of the highest quality before they were persuaded by Richard Carte, a student of George Rudall, to begin production of Theobald Boehm’s early conical flute. The firm went on to buy the British rights to manufacture Boehm’s 1847 cylindrical flute, which is the basis of the instrument most flute players use today. Richard Carte, a brilliant businessman, joined the firm as a partner in the early 1850s and transformed them from a small business producing high-quality flutes to a hugely-successful concern that produced and sold flutes and most other instruments as well as publishing books, music and, for eight decades, The Musical Directory, an annual guide to the music business in Britain. Rudall, Rose & Carte, as they became, bought the business of Thomas Key, military musical instrument maker, adding brass and percussion instruments to their catalogue. In addition to their instruments and publications, the firm promoted concerts, for a time under the management of Richard Carte’s son, Richard D’Oyly Carte, who later made his fortune promoting the operas of Gilbert & Sullivan. The firm became Rudall, Carte & Company in 1872.