Cap Badge -10th (Calgary) Battalion, CEF Canadian Expeditionary Force). The 10th Battalion, or "Fighting Tenth" was created in 1914 as a war-service infantry battalion; it was populated heavily by men from the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) and saw extensive service with the 1st Canadian Division in France and Flanders. The Provisional 10th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force was created around cadres of Militiamen from two existing units; the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) and the 106th Regiment (Winnipeg Light Infantry). The unit was assembled at Valcartier in Quebec and sailed for the United Kingdom in late 1914. The unit trained on Salisbury Plain and went into the trenches in France in early 1915 with the rest of the 1st Division. After brief service in the trenches in February and the early spring, the division first saw major combat at the Second Battle of Ypres in April. This was the first use of poison gas as a weapon of war on the Western Front. A wide scale German attack using chlorine gas routed two entire French Divisions, but the 1st Canadian Division held firm, at a cost of some 6,000 of its 10,000 men. The 10th Battalion, with the 16th, actually executed a counterattack on the night of 21-22 April into the face of the German offensive, at an oak plantation known as Bois de Cuisineres, or Kitcheners' Wood, so named because the French had located their field kitchens there.during the Battle of St. Julien. Battle Honours of the 10th Battalion: Ypres, 1915, '17; Gravenstafel; Saint-Julien; Festubert, 1915; Mount Sorrel; Somme, 1916; Thiepval; Ancre Heights; Arras, 1917; Vimy, 1917; Arleux; Hill 70; Passchendaele; Amiens; Scarpe, 1918; Drocourt-Quéant; Hindenburg Line; Canal du Nord; Pursuit to Mons and France and Flanders, 1915–18. During the First World War, more than 1300 soldiers were killed while serving as members of the 10th Battalion.