Map - Naples, Italy Naples (Napoli meaning "new city") is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. Naples was the most-bombed Italian city during World War II. Though Neapolitans did not rebel under Italian Fascism, Naples was the first Italian city to rise up against German military occupation; the city was completely freed by 1 October 1943, when British and American forces entered the city.